UPSC

  AFTER VEDIC CIVILIZATION (AFTER 600 BC)     1.     CIRCA 600 B.C ON WARDS   2.     IT’S THE   IRON AGE, THE MAHAJANAPADAS AND THE AGE OF BUDDHA   3.     IRON ( FROM   LATER VEDIC AND AFTER ) : FARMING TOOLS AND WAR TOOLS SURPLUS TO SUPPORT WARRIORS AND PEOPLE.   4.     SURPLUS : LEISURE TIME AND COINS - ARTISANS AND TRADES - URBANIZATION   5.     LARGE TERRITORIES, PEOPLE OWED ALLEGIANCE TO JANAPAD RATHER THAN JANA   (MID - GANGETIC PLAINS)    

VEDIC CIVILIZATION   1.      INDO-ARYAN MIGRATION TO VEDIC CIVILIZATION. 2.      VEDIC-CIVILIZATION .   ●        EARLY VEDIC PERIOD(1500BC TO 1000 BC). ●      POLITICAL STRUCTURE. ●      SOCIAL STRUCTURE. ●      ECONOMIC STRUCTURE. ●      RELIGION.       ➔     LATER VEDIC PERIOD (1000BC TO 600BC)     ➔        POLITICAL STRUCTURE   ➔       SOCIAL STRUCTURE   ➔       ECONOMIC STRUCTURE   ➔       RELIGION   3 .VEDIC LITERATURE.       ●      INDO-ARYAN MIGRATION TO VEDIC CIVILIZATION.     1.       The Aryans were a semi-nomadic pastoral people. 2.       The original homeland of the Aryans is a matter of debate with different experts   suggesting different regions from where they originated. 3.       Some say they came from the area around the Caspian Sea in Central Asia (Max   Muller), while others think they originated from the Russian Steppes. Bal Gangadhar   Tilak was of the opinion that the Aryans came from

INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION   CONTENTS INTRODUCTION SITES PHASES TOWN PLANNING STRUCTURE AGRICULTURE ECONOMY CRAFTS INSTITUTIONS RELIGIONS DECLINE OF IVC.         INTRODUCTION   ●      INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION IS ALSO KNOWN AS HARAPPAN CIVILIZATION. ●      IT STARTED AROUND 2500 B.C IN WEST ASIA   IN PRESENT DAY PAKISTAN AND WESTERN INDIA ●      IT IS SIMILAR TO GREAT ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS LIKE EGYPT, MESOPOTAMIA,CHINA. ●      IN 1920 IN BRITISH RULE (ARCHAEOLOGICAL DEPARTMENT OF INDIA) HAS UNEARTHED TWO MAJOR CITIES OF IVC I.E MOHENJDARO AND HARAPPA. ●      IN 1924 SIR JOHN MARSHAL HAS ANNOUNCED   DISCOVERY OF NEW CIVILIZATION TO THE WORLD.                               SITES          WHAT ARE THE IMPORTANT SITES OF IVC?     SITE LOCATION IMPORTANT FINDINGS HARAPPA(1921) SITUATED ON BANK OF THE RIVER RAVI IN MONTGOMERY IN PUNJAB PAKISTAN